/* ==========================================================================
   USQR STYLESHEET - PREMIUM SCIENTIFIC OPEN ACCESS PUBLISHING (MDPI STYLE)
   ========================================================================== */

/* --- CSS Variables & Design System --- */
:root {
    --color-mdpi-dark: #2c3e50;
    --color-mdpi-blue: #2980b9;
    --color-mdpi-blue-hover: #1f618d;
    --color-mdpi-accent-red: #c0392b;
    --color-mdpi-gray-bg: #f8f9fa;
    --color-mdpi-border: #dcdde1;
    
    --color-slate-900: #0f172a;
    --color-slate-800: #1e293b;
    --color-slate-700: #334155;
    --color-slate-500: #64748b;
    --color-slate-300: #cbd5e1;
    --color-slate-100: #f1f5f9;
    --color-slate-50: #f8fafc;
    
    --color-emerald-700: #047857;
    --color-emerald-600: #059669;
    --color-emerald-500: #10b981;
    
    --color-amber-500: #f59e0b;
    --color-red-600: #dc2626;
    
    --font-heading: 'Playfair Display', Georgia, serif;
    --font-body: 'Outfit', -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Segoe UI", Roboto, sans-serif;
    
    --shadow-sm: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
    --shadow-md: 0 4px 6px -1px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    --shadow-lg: 0 10px 15px -3px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.05);
    
    --border-radius-sm: 4px;
    --border-radius-md: 8px;
    
    --transition-fast: 0.15s ease-in-out;
    --transition-normal: 0.25s ease-in-out;
    
    --header-height: 70px;
}

/* --- Base & Reset Rules --- */
*, *::before, *::after {
    box-sizing: border-box;
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
}

html {
    scroll-behavior: smooth;
    font-size: 15px;
}

body {
    background-color: #f1f2f6;
    color: #2f3640;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    line-height: 1.5;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-height: 100vh;
}

a {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    text-decoration: none;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

a:hover {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue-hover);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* --- Layout Utility --- */
.container {
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 1240px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 1.25rem;
}

.section-padding {
    padding: 2.5rem 0;
}

.text-center { text-align: center; }
.italic { font-style: italic; }
.text-white { color: #ffffff; }
.btn-block { display: block; width: 100%; }
.flex-col { display: flex; flex-direction: column; }

h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 {
    color: #2f3640;
    font-weight: 700;
}

/* --- Header & Navigation (MDPI Style) --- */
.main-header {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 1000;
    height: var(--header-height);
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.header-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    width: 100%;
    max-width: 1240px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    .logo-area-custom {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    text-align: center;
    gap: 0.05rem;
    transition: transform var(--transition-fast);
}

.logo-area-custom:hover {
    transform: scale(1.02);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.logo-crest-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    color: #000000;
}

.logo-crest-svg {
    width: 14px;
    height: 14px;
}

.logo-text-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    line-height: 1.1;
}

.logo-main-title {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-weight: 900;
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    color: #000000;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.logo-main-subtitle {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.52rem;
    color: #000000;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}
}

.logo-title {
    font-size: 1.35rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    color: #2f3640;
    letter-spacing: -0.02em;
    line-height: 1;
}

.logo-subtitle {
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
    color: var(--color-slate-500);
    font-weight: 700;
}

.main-nav {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.25rem;
}

.nav-link {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #3f4756;
    padding: 0.35rem 0;
}

.nav-link:hover,
.nav-link.active {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.header-actions {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 1rem;
}

.btn-signin {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: #3f4756;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding: 0.4rem 0.85rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.btn-signin:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-gray-bg);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.btn-submit-header {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-dark);
    color: #ffffff !important;
    padding: 0.45rem 1rem;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    transition: background var(--transition-fast);
}

.btn-submit-header:hover {
    background-color: #34495e;
    text-decoration: none;
}

.mobile-toggle {
    display: none;
    background: none;
    border: none;
    color: #2f3640;
    cursor: pointer;
}

/* --- SPA View Navigation --- */
.app-view {
    display: none;
    animation: fadeIn 0.2s ease-out forwards;
}

.app-view.active {
    display: block;
}

@keyframes fadeIn {
    from { opacity: 0; }
    to { opacity: 1; }
}

/* ==========================================================================
   VIEW: HOME (MDPI STYLE)
   ========================================================================== */

/* --- Hero Anniversary Banner --- */
.hero-banner-wrapper {
    margin-top: 1.5rem;
}

.mdpi-hero-banner {
    position: relative;
    background: linear-gradient(90deg, #cbe2f3 0%, #e6f2fa 100%);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    padding: 2.2rem 3.5rem;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.banner-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: radial-gradient(circle at 60% 50%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.4) 0%, transparent 60%);
    z-index: 1;
}

.banner-content {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
}

.banner-brand {
    display: flex;
    align-items: baseline;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.25rem;
}

.brand-text {
    font-size: 2.4rem;
    font-weight: 900;
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    letter-spacing: -0.04em;
    line-height: 1;
}

.brand-year {
    font-size: 3.2rem;
    font-weight: 300;
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue-hover);
    line-height: 1;
}

.banner-subtext {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: #57606f;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.btn-learn-more {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    color: #2f3640;
    padding: 0.6rem 1.25rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.btn-learn-more:hover {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
}

/* --- Horizontal Search Bar --- */
.search-section-container {
    margin-top: 1.25rem;
}

.horizontal-search-bar {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    padding: 0.75rem 1.25rem;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.search-label {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #2f3640;
    margin-right: 0.25rem;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.search-field-input {
    flex: 1;
    min-width: 160px;
}

.search-field-input input {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    outline: none;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
}

.search-field-input input:focus {
    border-color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
}

.search-field-select {
    width: 180px;
}

.search-field-select select {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    background-color: #ffffff;
    outline: none;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    cursor: pointer;
}

.btn-search-submit {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-dark);
    color: #ffffff;
    border: none;
    padding: 0.5rem 1.5rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background var(--transition-fast);
}

.btn-search-submit:hover {
    background-color: #34495e;
}

.advanced-search-link {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    color: #7f8c8d;
}

/* --- Three-Column Home Grid --- */
.home-three-column-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 250px 1fr 280px;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
    align-items: start;
}

.left-sidebar-card,
.right-sidebar-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    padding: 1.25rem;
}

.sidebar-section-title {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #2f3640;
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

/* Left Sidebar: Open Access Journals list */
.journal-search-box {
    position: relative;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.journal-search-box input {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.45rem 1.75rem 0.45rem 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    outline: none;
}

.search-dropdown-icon {
    position: absolute;
    right: 8px;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    color: #7f8c8d;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    pointer-events: none;
}

.browse-links {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-slate-100);
    padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.browse-link {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    font-weight: 500;
}

.journal-icons-list {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    max-height: 480px;
    overflow-y: auto;
    padding-right: 2px;
}

.journal-icons-list::-webkit-scrollbar {
    width: 4px;
}
.journal-icons-list::-webkit-scrollbar-thumb {
    background-color: var(--color-slate-300);
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.journal-list-item-link {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.65rem;
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: #2f3640;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.journal-list-item-link:hover {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    text-decoration: none;
}

/* Mini Square Icon Badges */
.mini-icon-badge {
    width: 24px;
    height: 24px;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    color: #ffffff;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 0.6rem;
    font-weight: 800;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

/* Colored Icon Badges */
.badge-computing { background-color: #00a8ff; }
.badge-environment { background-color: #4cd137; }
.badge-medicine { background-color: #9c88ff; }
.badge-materials { background-color: #353b48; }
.badge-economics { background-color: #fbc531; }
.badge-education { background-color: #e84118; }
.badge-default { background-color: var(--color-mdpi-dark); }


/* --- CENTER COLUMN: CAROUSEL --- */
.featured-carousel {
    position: relative;
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    height: 220px;
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.carousel-slide {
    display: none;
    height: 100%;
}

.carousel-slide.active {
    display: block;
    animation: fadeInSlide 0.4s ease-out forwards;
}

@keyframes fadeInSlide {
    from { opacity: 0; }
    to { opacity: 1; }
}

.slide-content-layout {
    height: 100%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: stretch;
}

.slide-image-placeholder {
    width: 45%;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, #0a3d62 0%, #3c6382 100%);
    position: relative;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: #ffffff;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.slide-image-overlay {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    right: 0;
    bottom: 0;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(255,255,255,0.15) 0%, transparent 80%);
}

.slide-image-placeholder svg {
    opacity: 0.25;
}

.slide-text-side {
    width: 55%;
    padding: 1.5rem;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    justify-content: center;
}

.slide-topic {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-mdpi-accent-red);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
}

.slide-title-link {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.35;
    color: #2f3640;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.slide-title-link:hover {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.slide-desc {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
    display: -webkit-box;
    -webkit-line-clamp: 3;
    -webkit-box-orient: vertical;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.carousel-arrow {
    position: absolute;
    top: 50%;
    transform: translateY(-50%);
    background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.7);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    color: #2f3640;
    width: 32px;
    height: 32px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    cursor: pointer;
    z-index: 10;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.carousel-arrow:hover {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
}

.carousel-arrow.prev { left: 10px; }
.carousel-arrow.next { right: 10px; }

.carousel-dots-indicator {
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 12px;
    right: 1.5rem;
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    z-index: 10;
}

.carousel-dot {
    width: 8px;
    height: 8px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background-color: var(--color-slate-300);
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: background var(--transition-fast);
}

.carousel-dot.active {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
}

/* --- Recent Articles Feed Header --- */
.recent-articles-header {
    border-bottom: 2px solid var(--color-mdpi-dark);
    padding-bottom: 0.4rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.section-title-mdpi {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #2f3640;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
}

/* --- Right Sidebar News & Blogs --- */
.news-list-mdpi,
.blog-list-mdpi {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.85rem;
}

.news-item-mdpi,
.blog-item-mdpi {
    border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.news-item-mdpi:last-child,
.blog-item-mdpi:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

.news-date-mdpi,
.blog-date-mdpi {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 0.15rem;
}

.news-link-mdpi,
.blog-link-mdpi {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2f3640;
    line-height: 1.35;
    display: block;
}

.news-link-mdpi:hover,
.blog-link-mdpi:hover {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.more-announcements-link {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    display: block;
    margin-top: 1rem;
    text-align: right;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   CARDS SYSTEM: MDPI ALIGNED ARTICLES
   ========================================================================== */

.article-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    padding: 1.25rem 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    box-shadow: none;
    transition: border-color var(--transition-fast);
}

.article-card:hover {
    border-color: #bdc3c7;
}

.article-card-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
}

.badges-row {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.35rem;
}

/* Badges MDPI Style */
.badge-oa {
    background-color: #57606f;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 0.15rem 0.45rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.badge-type {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-accent-red);
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: 600;
    padding: 0.15rem 0.45rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    font-size: 0.68rem;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.article-file-meta {
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.25rem;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.article-card-title {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 0.4rem;
    line-height: 1.35;
}

.article-card-title a {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue-hover);
}

.article-card-title a:hover {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.article-authors {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #2f3640;
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.article-authors strong {
    font-weight: 600;
}

.article-citation-line {
    font-size: 0.76rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.article-citation-line strong {
    color: #2f3640;
}

.article-doi-link {
    color: #7f8c8d;
}

.article-doi-link:hover {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
}

/* Snippet Toggler */
.article-abstract-collapsible {
    font-size: 0.82rem;
    color: #57606f;
    line-height: 1.45;
    border-left: 3px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding-left: 0.75rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.btn-read-more-toggle {
    background: none;
    border: none;
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
}

.btn-read-more-toggle:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   VIEW: JOURNALS CATALOG
   ========================================================================== */

.view-header {
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
    border-bottom: 1.5px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding-bottom: 1rem;
}

.view-title {
    font-size: 1.85rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    color: var(--color-mdpi-dark);
}

.view-description {
    color: #7f8c8d;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    max-width: 800px;
}

/* Category Filter Tabs */
.category-filter-bar {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    overflow-x: auto;
}

.filter-tab {
    background: none;
    border: 1px solid transparent;
    padding: 0.4rem 1rem;
    border-radius: 20px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #57606f;
    cursor: pointer;
    white-space: nowrap;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.filter-tab:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-gray-bg);
    color: #2f3640;
}

.filter-tab.active {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-dark);
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* Journals Grid Layout */
.journals-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(320px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.25rem;
}

.journal-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    overflow: hidden;
    transition: border-color var(--transition-fast);
}

.journal-card:hover {
    border-color: #bdc3c7;
}

.journal-card-banner {
    height: 4px;
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
}

/* Custom banner colors per category */
#journal-card-jsec .journal-card-banner { background-color: #00a8ff; } /* JSEC - Computing */
#journal-card-scientia .journal-card-banner { background-color: #4cd137; } /* SCIENTIA - Green */
#journal-card-ficm .journal-card-banner { background-color: #9c88ff; } /* FICM - Medicine */
#journal-card-chapters .journal-card-banner { background-color: #353b48; } /* EKBC - Book Chapters */
#journal-card-jsa .journal-card-banner { background-color: #fbc531; } /* JSA - Strategic Admin */
#journal-card-ess .journal-card-banner { background-color: #e84118; } /* ESS - Education */
#journal-card-jca .journal-card-banner { background-color: #1abc9c; } /* JCA - Teal */

.journal-card-header {
    padding: 1.25rem;
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.85rem;
    align-items: flex-start;
}

.journal-logo-large {
    width: 48px;
    height: 48px;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: 800;
    font-size: 1rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.journal-meta-info {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.journal-abbr {
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #7f8c8d;
}

.journal-name {
    font-size: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #2f3640;
    margin-top: 0.1rem;
    line-height: 1.25;
}

.journal-card-body {
    padding: 0 1.25rem 1.25rem;
    flex-grow: 1;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

.journal-description {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
    line-height: 1.45;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    flex-grow: 1;
}

.journal-metrics-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 0.75rem;
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-gray-bg);
    padding: 0.6rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
}

.journal-metric-box {
    text-align: center;
}

.journal-metric-value {
    display: block;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #2f3640;
}

.journal-metric-label {
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.journal-card-footer {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.2fr 1fr;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding: 1rem 1.25rem;
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-gray-bg);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   VIEW: ARTICLES PORTAL (FILTER SYSTEM)
   ========================================================================== */

.articles-search-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 260px 1fr;
    gap: 1.5rem;
    align-items: start;
}

.articles-filter-sidebar {
    position: sticky;
    top: calc(var(--header-height) + 1rem);
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    padding: 1.25rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
}

.filter-widget-title {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding-bottom: 0.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

/* Global Form Group Styles */
.form-group {
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.form-group label {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #2f3640;
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
}

.form-group input[type="text"],
.form-group select,
.form-group textarea {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 0.5rem 0.65rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    background-color: #ffffff;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    outline: none;
}

.form-group input[type="text"]:focus,
.form-group select:focus,
.form-group textarea:focus {
    border-color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
}

.form-help {
    display: block;
    font-size: 0.7rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
    margin-top: 0.25rem;
}

.required {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-accent-red);
}

/* Articles listing components */
.listing-meta-row {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.articles-count {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #7f8c8d;
}

.active-filters-badges {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.filter-badge {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-gray-bg);
    color: #2f3640;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding: 0.2rem 0.5rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.25rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.btn-remove-badge {
    border: none;
    background: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    line-height: 1;
    color: #7f8c8d;
}

.btn-remove-badge:hover {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-accent-red);
}


/* ==========================================================================
   VIEW: ARTICLE DETAILED PAGE
   ========================================================================== */

.btn-back {
    background: none;
    border: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.35rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.btn-back:hover {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue-hover);
}

.article-detail-layout {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.7fr 260px;
    gap: 2rem;
    align-items: start;
}

.article-detail-main {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    padding: 2rem;
}

.article-meta-header {
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding-bottom: 1.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
}

.article-meta-journal {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-mdpi-accent-red);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 0.35rem;
    display: block;
}

.article-detail-title {
    font-size: 1.65rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.3;
    color: #2f3640;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
}

.article-authors-row {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.author-affiliation-list {
    list-style: none;
    font-size: 0.76rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.2rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.article-logistics-line {
    display: flex;
    gap: 1.25rem;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-slate-100);
    padding-top: 0.75rem;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.article-logistics-line span strong {
    color: #2f3640;
}

.abstract-container {
    background-color: #f5f6fa;
    border-left: 4px solid var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    padding: 1.25rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    margin-bottom: 2rem;
}

.abstract-container h3 {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: #2f3640;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
}

.abstract-container p {
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
    color: #3f4756;
}

.keywords-row {
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
}

.keywords-row strong {
    color: #2f3640;
}

/* Article Body */
.article-body-content {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.5rem;
}

.article-section h3 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    border-bottom: 1.5px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding-bottom: 0.35rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    color: #2f3640;
}

.article-section p {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: #2f3640;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

/* Sidebar action panel */
.article-detail-sidebar {
    position: sticky;
    top: calc(var(--header-height) + 1rem);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1.25rem;
}

.action-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    padding: 1.25rem;
}

.action-card h4 {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.btn-primary {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    color: #ffffff;
}

.btn-primary:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-blue-hover);
}

.btn-outline {
    background-color: transparent;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
}

.btn-outline:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    color: #ffffff;
}

/* Metrics Box */
.detail-metrics-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 0.75rem;
}

.metric-cell {
    text-align: center;
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-gray-bg);
    padding: 0.6rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
}

.metric-cell span {
    display: block;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
}

.metric-cell label {
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   VIEW: WIZARD SUBMISSION SYSTEM
   ========================================================================== */

.submission-wizard-container {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    box-shadow: var(--shadow-sm);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    overflow: hidden;
    max-width: 840px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

/* Wizard Steps Indicator Nav */
.wizard-steps-header {
    display: flex;
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-dark);
    color: #ffffff;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(0,0,0,0.15);
    overflow-x: auto;
}

.wizard-step-indicator {
    flex: 1;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    padding: 1rem 0.5rem;
    gap: 0.5rem;
    opacity: 0.5;
    position: relative;
    white-space: nowrap;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.wizard-step-indicator.active {
    opacity: 1;
    background-color: #34495e;
}

.wizard-step-indicator.completed {
    opacity: 0.85;
}

.wizard-step-indicator.active::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 3px;
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
}

.step-num {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.2);
    font-weight: 700;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
}

.wizard-step-indicator.active .step-num,
.wizard-step-indicator.completed .step-num {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
}

.step-lbl {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

/* Wizard Panels switcher */
.wizard-form {
    padding: 2rem;
}

.wizard-step-panel {
    display: none;
}

.wizard-step-panel.active {
    display: block;
    animation: fadeIn var(--transition-normal);
}

.panel-header {
    margin-bottom: 1.5rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.panel-header h3 {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
}

.panel-header p {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
}

.wizard-buttons {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    margin-top: 2rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding-top: 1.25rem;
}

.btn-success {
    background-color: #27ae60;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.btn-success:hover {
    background-color: #219653;
}

/* Step 2: Authors table style */
.authors-list-wrapper {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 1rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.author-row-card {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-gray-bg);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    padding: 1rem;
    position: relative;
}

.btn-remove-author {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0.5rem;
    right: 0.5rem;
    border: none;
    background: none;
    cursor: pointer;
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: #bdc3c7;
}

.btn-remove-author:hover {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-accent-red);
}

.author-grid-fields {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(180px, 1fr));
    gap: 0.85rem;
}

.checkbox-group {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0.4rem;
    margin-top: 0.35rem;
}

.checkbox-label {
    font-size: 0.78rem !important;
    font-weight: 500 !important;
    color: #57606f !important;
    margin-bottom: 0 !important;
    cursor: pointer;
}

/* Step 4: Drag & Drop Area */
.file-drop-zone {
    border: 2px dashed #bdc3c7;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-gray-bg);
    padding: 2.2rem 1.25rem;
    text-align: center;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
    position: relative;
}

.file-drop-zone.dragover,
.file-drop-zone:hover {
    border-color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    background-color: #ebf5fb;
}

.drop-icon {
    color: #7f8c8d;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.file-drop-zone.dragover .drop-icon,
.file-drop-zone:hover .drop-icon {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue-hover);
}

.drop-message {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2f3640;
    margin-bottom: 0.2rem;
}

.file-browser-trigger {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    text-decoration: underline;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.file-types {
    font-size: 0.72rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
}

/* File Selected Card details */
.selected-file-details {
    margin-top: 0.75rem;
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding: 0.5rem 0.75rem;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.file-icon {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
}

.file-name {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    color: #2f3640;
    max-width: 250px;
    overflow: hidden;
    text-overflow: ellipsis;
    white-space: nowrap;
}

.btn-remove-file {
    border: none;
    background: none;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: #bdc3c7;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.btn-remove-file:hover {
    color: var(--color-mdpi-accent-red);
}

/* Wizard Success Panel */
.submission-success-view {
    padding: 3rem 2rem;
    text-align: center;
    animation: fadeIn var(--transition-normal);
}

.success-icon-wrap {
    color: #27ae60;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    display: inline-flex;
}

.animate-bounce {
    animation: bounce 2s infinite;
}

@keyframes bounce {
    0%, 100% { transform: translateY(0); }
    50% { transform: translateY(-6px); }
}

.success-title {
    font-size: 1.6rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.success-message {
    color: #7f8c8d;
    max-width: 550px;
    margin: 0 auto 2rem;
    font-size: 0.92rem;
}

.success-details-card {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-gray-bg);
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    padding: 1.25rem;
    max-width: 480px;
    margin: 0 auto 2rem;
    text-align: left;
}

.detail-row {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    margin-bottom: 0.6rem;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding-bottom: 0.4rem;
}

.detail-row:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    border-bottom: none;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

.detail-label {
    color: #7f8c8d;
    font-weight: 500;
}

.detail-value {
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #2f3640;
    text-align: right;
    max-width: 280px;
    word-break: break-word;
}

/* Peer review timeline visual */
.timeline-visual {
    max-width: 600px;
    margin: 0 auto 2rem;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding-top: 1.5rem;
}

.timeline-visual h4 {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
    color: #57606f;
}

.timeline-steps {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    position: relative;
}

.timeline-steps::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 10px;
    left: 12.5%;
    right: 12.5%;
    height: 2px;
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-border);
    z-index: 1;
}

.t-step {
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
}

.t-dot {
    width: 20px;
    height: 20px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-border);
    border: 3px solid #ffffff;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #bdc3c7;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.t-step.active .t-dot {
    background-color: #27ae60;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #27ae60;
}

.t-step.current .t-dot {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border-color: #27ae60;
    box-shadow: 0 0 0 1px #27ae60, 0 0 6px rgba(39, 174, 96, 0.4);
}

.t-info h5 {
    font-size: 0.74rem;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 0.1rem;
}

.t-info p {
    font-size: 0.65rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
}

.success-actions {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0.75rem;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   VIEW: ABOUT & COMPLIANCE
   ========================================================================== */

.about-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 2.2fr 1fr;
    gap: 2rem;
}

.about-text-content h3 {
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    margin: 1.5rem 0 0.5rem;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
}

.about-text-content p {
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    color: #2f3640;
    margin-bottom: 1rem;
    line-height: 1.55;
}

.sidebar-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    padding: 1.25rem;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.sidebar-card.bg-light {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-gray-bg);
}

.sidebar-card h4 {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding-bottom: 0.4rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.policy-links-list {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.65rem;
}

.policy-links-list li {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: #57606f;
}

.sidebar-card p {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.65rem;
}

/* CSS Workflow Cards */
.workflow-section-wrapper {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    padding-top: 3rem;
    margin-top: 3rem;
}

.workflow-title {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
}

.workflow-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(200px, 1fr));
    gap: 1.25rem;
}

.workflow-step-card {
    background-color: #ffffff;
    border-radius: var(--border-radius-sm);
    padding: 1.5rem 1.25rem;
    border: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
    position: relative;
    transition: border-color var(--transition-fast);
}

.workflow-step-card:hover {
    border-color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
}

.w-number {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0.5rem;
    right: 0.85rem;
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-weight: 700;
    color: #f1f2f6;
    z-index: 1;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.workflow-step-card:hover .w-number {
    color: #ebf5fb;
}

.workflow-step-card h4 {
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.5rem;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
}

.workflow-step-card p {
    font-size: 0.78rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
    line-height: 1.4;
    position: relative;
    z-index: 2;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   FOOTER COMPONENT
   ========================================================================== */

.main-footer {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-dark);
    color: #bdc3c7;
    padding: 3rem 0 1.5rem;
    margin-top: auto;
    border-top: 3px solid var(--color-mdpi-blue);
}

.footer-container {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.8fr repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 2rem;
}

.footer-brand .brand-title {
    font-family: var(--font-heading);
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    color: #ffffff;
    font-weight: 700;
    margin-bottom: 0.75rem;
}

.footer-brand .brand-desc {
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    color: #95a5a6;
    line-height: 1.5;
    margin-bottom: 1.25rem;
}

.footer-socials {
    display: flex;
    gap: 0.75rem;
}

.footer-socials a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    width: 30px;
    height: 30px;
    border-radius: 50%;
    background-color: #34495e;
    color: #bdc3c7;
    transition: all var(--transition-fast);
}

.footer-socials a:hover {
    background-color: var(--color-mdpi-blue);
    color: #ffffff;
}

.footer-links-group h4 {
    color: #ffffff;
    font-size: 0.88rem;
    margin-bottom: 0.85rem;
    font-weight: 700;
}

.footer-links-group ul {
    list-style: none;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0.5rem;
}

.footer-links-group a {
    color: #95a5a6;
    font-size: 0.8rem;
    transition: color var(--transition-fast);
}

.footer-links-group a:hover {
    color: #ffffff;
}

.footer-bottom {
    margin-top: 3rem;
    border-top: 1px solid #34495e;
    padding-top: 1rem;
    font-size: 0.75rem;
    color: #7f8c8d;
}


/* ==========================================================================
   RESPONSIVE DESIGN & MOBILE OPTIMIZATIONS
   ========================================================================== */

@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .home-three-column-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr;
    }
    .right-column {
        grid-column: 1 / -1;
        display: grid;
        grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    .right-column .right-sidebar-card {
        margin-top: 0 !important;
    }
    
    .about-grid,
    .article-detail-layout {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 2rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 900px) {
    .articles-search-layout {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    .articles-filter-sidebar {
        position: static;
        margin-bottom: 1rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .main-nav {
        display: none;
        flex-direction: column;
        position: absolute;
        top: var(--header-height);
        left: 0;
        right: 0;
        background-color: #ffffff;
        box-shadow: var(--shadow-md);
        padding: 1.25rem;
        border-top: 1px solid var(--color-mdpi-border);
        gap: 1rem;
    }

    .main-nav.show {
        display: flex;
    }

    .mobile-toggle {
        display: block;
    }

    .btn-signin {
        display: none; /* Hide detailed login on mobile header, keep Submit */
    }

    .mdpi-hero-banner {
        padding: 1.5rem;
        flex-direction: column;
        text-align: center;
        gap: 1rem;
    }
    
    .brand-text { font-size: 2rem; }
    .brand-year { font-size: 2.5rem; }

    .horizontal-search-bar {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: stretch;
        gap: 0.5rem;
        padding: 1rem;
    }
    
    .search-field-select {
        width: 100%;
    }

    .home-three-column-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .left-column {
        display: none; /* Hide left journal sidebar on mobile, navigate via Journals page */
    }
    
    .right-column {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .featured-carousel {
        height: 180px;
    }
    
    .slide-image-placeholder {
        display: none;
    }
    
    .slide-text-side {
        width: 100%;
        padding: 1rem;
    }

    .footer-container {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1.5rem;
    }

    .wizard-steps-header {
        flex-direction: row;
    }
    .wizard-step-indicator {
        padding: 0.75rem 0.25rem;
    }
    .wizard-step-indicator .step-lbl {
        display: none;
    }
    .wizard-form {
        padding: 1.25rem;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 480px) {
    .timeline-steps {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
        gap: 1.25rem;
        text-align: left;
    }
    .timeline-steps::before {
        display: none;
    }
    .t-step {
        flex-direction: row;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 0.75rem;
    }
    .t-dot {
        margin-bottom: 0;
    }
    .success-actions {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 0.5rem;
    }
}